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In
New Zealand the National Education Monitoring Project requires approximately
100 teachers every year to take on a new role of implementing an
assessment programme in five schools. It is therefore valuable to
the Project to identify the successful aspects of the training programme
as well as aspects that could be improved.
Each
year NEMP gathers assessment data, in order to get a broad picture
of the educational achievement of representative samples of New
Zealand students (Crooks & Flockton: 2006). To assist in this process,
teachers are employed as teacher administrators for a period of
six weeks. They work in pairs, in five schools, spending a week
at each school. Assessment data is gathered through the administration
of a range of NEMP assessment tasks. In each school they work with
a group of twelve students. To gain the knowledge of how to do this,
the teachers spend the first week on a training course providing
the background to the NEMP project, the assessment tasks, the approaches
used to gather data and the technology used in delivering and recording
the assessment tasks.
The
tasks are administered to individuals and groups of four students.
Each student is engaged with the assessment tasks for about four
hours over the week. In order to elicit as much detailed information
as possible, the teachers question students so that they demonstrate
their knowledge, skills and understanding in a variety of learning
areas. NEMP collates this data and the analysis is made available
in annual reports, providing information for educators on how well
the overall national standards in education are being maintained
and where improvements might be needed.
The
teacher administrators play a pivotal role in the successful implementation
of the project. Their knowledge of school systems is essential when
working in different school settings as it enables them to manage
their assessment schedule within the confines of a school timetable.
They must communicate productively with other educational professionals
and have an understanding of events that teachers and students are
engaged in throughout the day that will impact on their work. NEMP
particularly looks for teachers who can establish a positive rapport
with students from a variety of ethnic and socioeconomic backgrounds,
in a short space of time. The teacher administrators need to embrace
the aims and the methodology of NEMP.
In the training week, teacher administrators are made familiar with
the assessment tasks and the four approaches to implement those
tasks. They are provided with information on the background of NEMP,
which includes the aims of the project and NEMP's philosophy of
assessment. Teachers attend sessions that inform and instruct on
the four assessment task approaches and the use of the computer
and video technology integral to implementing and recording the
tasks. Each session focuses on one particular aspect of the administration
process. The tasks are explained through instruction and demonstration,
with reference to a comprehensive task manual that details the equipment
needed for each task and the accompanying script for communicating
the task to students. Procedures for dealing with the technology,
organisation of paperwork and contacting schools are demonstrated
with reference to an administration manual. In each session, teacher
administrators are given an opportunity to ask questions pertaining
to aspects of their role. They are also given hands-on time with
task equipment and technology equipment, in order to become familiar
with the administration and set-up of the tasks. The hands-on sessions
are usually informal, with teacher administrators working with their
partner and familiarising themselves with the tasks by reading through
the script pertinent to each task. In some instances, a teacher
administrator will model the implementation of a task in an individual
or group assessment situation, using other administrators in the
role of 'student'. By the end of the training week, administrators
should be able to piece together individual aspects of their role
in order to form a complete picture of what the administrator role
entails. The degree to which they can achieve this will affect the
perceptions of their role, the way in which they implement their
role and the quality of the assessment data they collect. The teachers'
background experiences and the expectations that they bring to the
administration role, along with the quality and content of the training
process that they undergo, need to combine to make the teacher an
effective administrator of assessment tasks for NEMP.
As
was mentioned earlier, work by Alison Gilmore (1999) suggested that
some teachers were not consistent in the way that they administered
tasks. Although effort is put into training teachers to become effective
NEMP administrators, there has currently been no investigation into
how teachers perceive their role as administrators and if they understand
the purpose and requirements of the administrator role. Previous
research has suggested that teacher perceptions influence the acquisition
and incorporation of new knowledge into practice. This research
seeks to ascertain the affect of teacher perceptions on their ability
to adopt a new role successfully. Research questions were formulated
to enable the study to investigate the initial perceptions of teachers
when applying for the role of teacher administrator and how these
change as they: undergo their training; work on the task of administrating;
participate in the task of marking the data collected, in order
to establish if and how performance is affected by perception. The
effect of teacher's perceptions on their ability to adopt a new
role successfully is also an important consideration for schools
and teacher educators who often require teachers to take on a new
role in order to implement new pedagogical practices.
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